Recombinant TGF-β1, β2 and β3
Cells and tissue onlyNot measured in peopleResearch onlyProtein or enzyme
The signalling proteins themselves, in three closely related forms. They are what laboratories use to turn stem cells into cartilage in a dish.
The proteins themselves. Three separate genes give TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGF-β3, about 70 to 80% identical across their mature chains and all signalling through the same receptor pair. They are the standard chondrogenic stimulus of cell culture, sold research-use-only or as a manufacturing input for cell therapy.
Risks. Not approved anywhere. Every drug company working on this pathway is trying to block it, not supply it, and supplying it would be expected to cause scarring.
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- Risks and side effects, members only
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What has been measured, in whom, with every source, and what it does to the rest of you. And every article in the library.
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Educational content, not medical advice. Nothing here is a recommendation to take or stop taking anything — talk to a doctor about your own situation.